Smoking could reduce the LE by 110 years, depending on the location, sex, and amount of use37,38,39. Soc. The results shown in Table3 are similar to those presented in the GAO report30. In Florida, a study published in the journal of Statistics and Public Policy recently found that people living in counties containing Superfund sites were 6% more likely to be diagnosed with cancer than people living in counties without the sites. Google Scholar. Eng. The effect modification analysis revealed that out of 12,717 census tracts with at least one Superfund site. Mandigo, A. C., DiScenza, D. J., Keimowitz, A. R. & Fitzgerald, N. Chemical contamination of soils in the New York City area following Hurricane Sandy. This site was once used to dispose of paper-mill sludge beside the San Jacinto River near the IH 10 bridge. Among the input variables to the OLS model, Above60, white, income, insurance, married, and education have positive coefficients, while the rest have negative coefficients indicating negative effects on LE. The study more specifically undertakes statistical modeling to answer the following questions: (1) Does the presence of a Superfund site within a census tract independently cause a significant change in LE when compared to its immediate neighboring tracts that do not have a Superfund site (the qualification question)? Where does the money for cleaning up Superfund sites come from? 53, 48324840 (2019). For LE, an independent two-tailed t-test was also performed. Thus, other sociodemographic variables (selected based on the pairwise correlations) were then added in a stepwise manner in the order of their correlation magnitude with the LE (a total of nine OLS regression models). 303, 1523 (2003). Finally, the impact of disability is minimal, similar to effect modification, among the tracts with shorter LE and becomes more influential (unfavorable) as the LE increases. 115, 925985 (2007). Wing, O. E. J., Pinter, N., Bates, P. D. & Kousky, C. New insights into US flood vulnerability revealed from flood insurance big data. and JavaScript. MathSciNet Am. Google Scholar. H.S.R. Life expectancy among Japanese of different smoking status in Japan: NIPPON DATA80. These effects become less influential in tracts with already high LE. Med. Specific characteristics of Superfund sites such as being prone to flooding and the absence of a cleanup strategy could amplify the adverse effect. 10, 3785 (2019). J. Environ. For the purposes of the current study, the matching technique was implemented by considering tracts with Superfund sites as the treated group, and comparing the LE in treated and untreated groups (with no Superfund site). Available at: https://www.epa.gov/superfund/superfund-remedial-annual-accomplishments (accessed 2 January 2020). Indexes to Sites Superfund Sites in Texas Find Superfund sites by name, county and Texas State and Congressional districts. The authors declare no competing interests. 3, and it decreases for higher LE values. When polluters cant be made to pay to clean them up, the Superfund pays. The literature provides ample evidence that contaminant releases from anthropogenic sources (e.g., petrochemicals or hazardous waste sites) could increase the mortality rate in fence-line communities10,19,20,21,22. The results of the correlations were used to choose the input variables for use in the developed statistical models. Including proposed, final and deleted NPL sites and non-NPL Superfund Alternative Approach (SAA) sites. Thank you for visiting nature.com. However, inconsistent results were also reported; one study showed no overall maternal-fetal death associated with residential proximity to hazardous waste sites23 while another study showed an increased risk of congenital anomalies due to proximity to Superfund sites that had not been remediated24. For this purpose, tracts with a common border with the exposed tracts were extracted using ArcMap and exported to Microsoft Excel. Google Scholar. EPA issued a proposal to designate two of the most widely used PFAS as hazardous substances under CERCLA, or Superfund. The effect of select sociodemographic variables and the presence of Superfund sites on the different percentile of LE. While tracts with no Superfund site showed the highest LE, the effect of being part of NPL was more critical than the other two factors (i.e., flooding and cleanup). ProposedOf the 52 currently proposed sites, almost half were listed in the 1990s. In all statistical analyses, the unknown groups were eliminated. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Does living near a Superfund site contribute to higher polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure? Using the floodplain areas provided by FEMA, the Superfund sites were categorized into prone to flood (fully or partially located within floodways, 100, or 500-year floodplains), minimal flood risk (area of minimal flood hazard, or area with reduced flood risk due to levee), or unknown (area not included, or no available by FEMA). PubMed For tracts with income higher than the national median, the effect of Superfund Site on LE was calculated by summing the Superfund Site and binary dummy for income (0.58 + 0.90 = 0.32 years, where 0.90 years represent the combined effect of Superfund site and higher than median income). Superfund is the name of a federal law that requires the nation's most toxic sites to be identified and cleaned up. 129, 714728 (2017). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The list is based primarily on the score a site receives from the Hazard Ranking System. For such cases, only one variable was selected for further analyses and statistical regression modeling; these were LE, the presence of Superfund sites, percent of the population above 60 years old (variable name: above 60), median income in U.S. dollars (variable name: income), percent white (variable name: white), percent of the population with at least one disability (variable name: disability), percent married people (variable name: married), percent of the population with at least one health insurance plan (variable name: insurance), percent of the population with education beyond high school diploma (variable name: education), and percent of U.S. citizens in each tract (variable name: citizenship). In such a case the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends the site for cleanup. The NIEHS superfund research program: 25 years of translational research for public health. Funding for the research was provided by the Hurricane Resilience Research Institute, an interdisciplinary research institute at the University of Houston focused on resilience to natural disasters, and RAPID grant # 1759440 from the National Science Foundation and King Abdullah University of Science and Technology grant OSR-2018-CRG7-3711.2. The presence of Superfund sites as a determinant of life - Nature 10 shows the number of Superfund sites at each flooding level defined as the ratio of Superfund area located in the floodplains defined by FEMA to the total area. Chemical and microbiological parameters in New Orleans floodwater following hurricane Katrina. 9). Figure1 has raw data from sources 1 and 3 (census tract shapefile, and Superfund NPL status), Fig. Commun. The LE in an exposed tract was compared to the median of LEs in vicinity tracts without any Superfund sites (unexposed). Epidemiol. Search for Superfund Sites Where You Live | US EPA Pollut. MathSciNet 11, 1444 (2020). 2. Available at: https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/best-healthcare-in-the-world (accessed 7 July 2020). Does hazardous waste matter? Then a graduate student at the University of Florida, Leary went on to co-author the recent study finding elevated cancer levels in Florida counties with Superfund sites. Construction completedOn almost half of these sites, construction was completed more than 15 years ago. Assess. The median LE values for all census tracts, tracts with at least one Superfund site, and tracts with no sites were found to be 78.50, 77.50, and 78.7 years, respectively, indicating a difference of 1 and 1.2 years in LE between census tracts with sites when compared tooverall and no sites. Best Healthcare In The World 2020. In this approach, the exposed observation (a census tract with a Superfund site) was compared with its nearest neighbor. In response to growing concern over health and environmental risks posed by these . Regional Counsel and Deputies . Available at: https://www.epa.gov/superfund/superfund-national-priorities-list-npl (accessed: 2 January 2020). & Amler, R. W. Chemical wastes, childrens health, and the Superfund Basic Research Program. For the percent married people (married), the highest impact is in the lowest LE quantiles, while the direction of impact switched around the LE median. A total of eight OLS regression models (j=18) were built for effect modification. Kiaghadi, A. S. & Rifai, H. Chemical, and microbial quality of floodwaters in Houston following Hurricane Harvey. Official websites use .gov Since the site was abandoned, the river has eroded into portions of the former waste pits. PubMed Site Links The official recognition and cleanup of Superfund sites had begun since December 11, 1980, when congress enacted the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), commonly known as Superfund. Lybarger, J. PLoS ONE 14, e0226958 (2019). Their support is gratefully acknowledged. Given that the relationship between LE and the selected sociodemographic variables is most likely non-linear, it is important to use a non-linear model to explore the extent of variability in the LE that can be explained by the variables. We'll list the number of Superfund sites in each state and territory below. Some common contaminated sites include abandoned warehouses, manufacturing facilities, processing plants and landfills. Article Environ. Seven of these are highlighted on this page, with links to contacts and additional information: Del Amo Hazardous Waste Site, Torrance Halaco Engineering Company, Oxnard Montrose Chemical Corp, Torrance Palos Verdes Shelf Pemaco, Maywood Male-female differences in the prevalence of non-hodgkin lymphoma and residential proximity to Superfund sites in Kentucky. Article As noted before, sociodemographic variables (except income) were input to the model as a percent between 0% and 100%, income in multiples of $10,000, and Superfund site as a binary (0 and 1) variable. World Bank. Stat. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Environ. Implications of Hurricane Harvey on environmental public health in Harris County, Texas. Its now financed by the general fundthat is, by all taxpayers. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our, Digital The agency later found elevated cancer risks in those exposed, compared to unexposed Marines. Independent-Samples KruskalWallis Test and MannWhitney U test were applied to find a significant difference in LE, if any, among tracts with Superfund sites with different properties in flooding, NPL status, and cleanup conditions. This is consistent with the effect modification findings where Superfund sites in tracts with a married ratio above the national median showed no impact, on average, on LE. Remediat. Frequently Asked Questions - The Official Web Site for The State of New Another classification was considered based on the presence of Superfund sites on the NPL35. Mackenbach, J. P. et al. SULLIVAN | NJ ADVANCE MEDIA New Jersey has more places under the federal Superfund program, which prioritizes cleanups of dangerous contaminated sites, than any other state.. Sites where you live Cleanup process History Success stories CERCLA overview Environmental justice Community Involvement Introduction Technical assistance for communities Community Advisory Groups Tools and resources Citizen excellence Training and professional development Superfund Redevelopment Redevelopment home The fact that tracts with Superfund sites and with constant monitoring showed higher LE emphasizes the need for including the ~11,700 sites that are recognized as hazardous sites but are not in the current NPL in future health-related studies.
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