October 2 - Macron calls Islam 'religion in crisis' Macron unveiled a plan to defend France's secular values against what he termed as "Islamist radicalism", saying the religion was "in crisis". "He was a real hope in our community, but we feel like we've been abandoned. Consultations have been taking place at the national level under the Interior Ministry (also the Ministre des cultes) since the Rocard government in 1990. Syria also was by far the single biggest source of Muslim migrants to Europe overall in recent years. Read about our approach to external linking. Last Update: Jan 29, 2021 5:09 pm KEYWORDS anti-muslim france emmanuel macron islamophobia Bent's group describes itself as neither pro- nor anti-veil, but pro-choice. For instance, Germany has been the primary destination country for asylum seekers from the Middle East, receiving 457,000 applications from Iraqis and Syrians between mid-2010 and mid-2016. Here are some basic facts and figures on the Muslim population in. Perhaps most worrying in the current climate has been the relatively large number of French nationals who are believed to have gone to fight in Syria in 2014. And in an October 2017 election, Austrian voters favored parties that had campaigned on taking a harder line on immigration. Elyes Saafi, 37, a marketing executive at the London operations of StoneX, an American financial firm, grew up in Remiremont, a town in eastern France, where his parents settled after arriving from Tunisia in the 1970s. It encompasses Muslims born in Europe and in a wide variety of non-European countries. There was similar turmoil last year when a politician in Dijon asked a Muslim mother on a school trip to remove her hijab. This figure is remarkably congruent with our . The issue is top of their agenda, even though Frances actual immigration lags behind that of most other European countries. and over 1Mio. One 2019 report found that 44.6% of the country considered Muslims a threat to French national identity, while a government survey from the same year listed that 42% of Muslims (other studies put . A similar number of regular migrants from outside Europe also arrived in Germany in recent years (680,000). After a half-dozen years abroad first in Geneva at the World Health Organization and then in Senegal at the Pasteur Institute of Dakar she is back in Paris with her parents. Sweden received even more refugees than the UK, Italy and France, all of which have much larger populations. Members of an Italian Muslim association stage a sit-in and prayer to condemn what they see as persecutory acts against the Islamic community in France and against the publication of pictures and what they see as disrespect of the Prophet Muhammad, in Rome, Friday, Oct. 30, 2020. Relief as whole group rescued from stranded Pakistan cable car, Eighteen bodies found in Greek forest hit by fires, Tropical Storm Harold makes landfall in Texas, Why bad news is good news for Trump - for now, How the West is losing influence in Africa, Why did England hero Earps go viral? But this is difficult territory in a country that cherishes state secularism. France has also timidly begun revisiting its mixed history of domination and war in Algeria. The difference between Muslim women and others varies considerably from one European country to another. Out of 100 people living in France, about how many, according to you, are Muslims? France on January 1, 1994 had 58 million residents. Newcomers to Britain surged before Brexit, he said, adding that they were mostly young families and single mothers who found it difficult to find jobs in France because they wore the Muslim veil. In 2020, anti-Muslim acts in France jumped 52 percent compared with the previous year, according to official complaints gathered by the governments National Human Rights Commission. In neither case were the women infringing on Frances secular laws. She saw the current backlash in France against wokisme or supposedly woke American ideas on social justice as nothing else but a pretext to no longer fight discrimination.. The first section examines the number of migrants to Europe between mid-2010 and mid-2016, including patterns by religion and refugee status. Other estimates vary from around 5 percent to 12. When Franco-Portuguese youth whistled at the Marseilleise during a recent France-Portugal game, politicians and the press did not pay any attention. Incidents have risen in the past decade, rising sharply in 2015. VideoSolving the air-con conundrum, Fury in The Gambia over India cough syrup deaths, Chicken, chips and Zimbabwe's taste for democracy. Both France and the UK are expected to be roughly 17% Muslim by 2050 in the medium scenario, several percentage points higher than they would be if all future migration were to stop. Radical Islamists seek to portray their ideology, and their separatist stance, as a defence of Islam, she said. Migration aside, fertility rates are among the other dynamics driving Europes growing Muslim population. Data for the 2010 to 2013 period are based on application decision rates. Fashion designer Iman Mestaoui receives regular abuse from those she calls the "haters" - hardline Islamists who say her brand of scarves and turbans does not always cover a woman's hair enough. 11/12/2020 France has again been rocked by a series of Islamist attacks. The charter is one part of a wider government strategy to curb foreign influence, prevent violence and threats from extremists, and win back young people who feel forgotten by the state. There is no religious preference inherent to the asylum regulations in Europe. Changing government policies in European countries can have a major impact on migration flows. 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA But France, which has a population of about 65 million, defines itself as secular and has no official statistics broken down by race or creed. The low fertility rate in Europe among non-Muslims is largely responsible for the projected decline in the regions total population without future migration. Of the 710,000 Syrian migrants to Europe during this period, more than nine-in-ten (94%, or 670,000) came seeking refuge from the Syrian civil war, violence perpetrated by the Islamic State or some other strife. These estimates do not include migration from one EU country to another. (Incidentally, the earliest indications suggest that the Charlie Hebdo attack was carried out by al-Qaeda followers, who now see themselves as rivals to the Islamic State). Looking at it another way, 50% of all European Muslims are under the age of 30, compared with 32% of non-Muslims in Europe. Daily newsletterReceive essential international news every morning, Take international news everywhere with you! Christians made up 30% of regular migrants overall (1.6 million regular Christian migrants; 55% of all non-Muslim regular migrants) and 16% of all refugees (250,000 Christian refugees; 71% of all non-Muslim refugees). 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Despite new federal guidelines, local American Rescue Plan priorities remain unchanged, Talking to Dan Tarullo about bank mergers, stress tests, and supervision, Africas critical minerals could power Americas green energy transition, The fragmentation of online child safety regulations, Will courts allow technology to mitigate climate change? For the future population projections presented in this report, it is assumed that only Muslim migrants who already have or are expected to gain legal status in Europe will remain for the long term, providing a baseline of 25.8 million Muslims as of 2016 (4.9% of Europes population). You only have access to basic statistics. France is really shooting itself in the foot.. RECENT COMMENTS. Germany was the destination for an estimated 670,000 refugees between mid-2010 and mid-2016 more than three times as many as the country with the next-largest number, Sweden (200,000). And then theres the growing weight of the far right, which has imposed its preferred topics Islam and immigration at the very top of the agenda, the sociologist added. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. The last two governments have issued decrees compensating the Jewish communities of France for material and spiritual damages under Vichy. By contrast, majorities of the public in Greece (67%), Italy (65%) and Poland (60%) say large numbers of refugees from countries such as Iraq and Syria represent a major threat, even though there are relatively few such asylum seekers in these countries.4Indeed, there are fewer than 10,000 people from Iraq and Syria seeking asylum in Italy and Poland combined, representing one or fewer per 10,000 residents in each country. If you take the biographies of terrorists, none of them is a product of Salafi preaching." Like his own parents, Mr. Saafi ended up making a new life in a new country. We can respect French law and also Islam, it's feasible. They are singled out for condemnation by the far-right television pundit and candidate ric Zemmour, who has said that employers have the right to deny jobs to Black and Arab people. My glass ceiling was political, said Ms. Yade, 45, who is now senior director of Africa at the Atlantic Council, a Washington-based think tank. By comparison, the non-Muslim population in Europe declined slightly between 2010 and 2016. She pointed to a discrepancy between Macrons concern not to lump together moderates and radicals, and a more hardline rhetoric coming from members of his government for whom criticising intransigent forms of secularism is a sign of complicity with the terrorists. There is no Sharia law in Trappes, nor anywhere in France, a flustered Rabeh hit back. In Europe overall, even if all Muslim migration into Europe were to immediately and permanently stop a zero migration scenario the overall Muslim population of Europe would be expected to rise by 2.5 percentage points, from the current level of 4.9% to 7.4% by 2050. To feel like a stranger in my country is a problem, she said, adding that she just wanted to be left alone to practice her faith. In a national address, Macron said no concessions would be made in a new drive to push religion out of education and the public sector in France. "I'm a real fan of the strategy," he told me. State involvement in the provision and training of Muslim clergy is also a question of concern to national security, as recent raids on Islamic religious centers in Hamburg and Milan have shown. Muslims in France hail from a large number of countries, although most came from North Africa, mainly Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia (known as the Maghreb). His father operated a spinning machine at a textile factory. Many were detained and then drowned by being thrown into the Seine. The places he and others have settled, including Britain and the United States, are not paradises free of discrimination for Muslims or other minority groups, but those interviewed said they nevertheless felt greater opportunity and acceptance there. The following section examines more deeply the three projection scenarios on a country-by-country basis. Muslim associations say the number is as high as 200,000. Furthermore, the small number of respondents in these surveys who were raised Muslim may not be representative of all people raised Muslim in the country respondents may be disproportionately assimilated and perhaps more likely than others in the country who were raised Muslim to report some type of religious switching. Today, in a sign of spreading anger, demonstrators in several countries have been denouncing the European country in street protests. Macron paid tribute to Paty, calling him a quiet hero dedicated to instilling the democratic values of the French Republic in his pupils. He asked Rabeh whether he was even aware that Sharia law was applied there. Immigration and not just by refugees has been a major campaign issue in several countries, and it was one of the key factors in the Brexit debate over whether the UK, the destination of more regular migrants than any other European country in recent years, should remain in the European Union. The developments have ignited a war of words between French authorities and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, who has supported growing calls for a boycott of French goods. Relatively few recent immigrants to the UK (60,000) were refugees, but more than 1.5 million regular migrants arrived there in recent years. French census data can'ttell us where France's Muslims live, but some past studies have put the percentage of Muslims in Paris as high as 15 percent. Alternatively, in the high migration scenario, Germany would have by far the highest number of Muslims in 2050 17.5 million. Europes Muslims have more children than members of other religious groups (or people with no religion) in the region. Elyes Saafi with his wife, Mathilde, and son, Noori, near their home outside London. Those who denounce this should not be treated as Islamophobes. Its a violation of their intimacy, Bent explained. The president gave Frances highest civilian award, the Legion of Honour, to Paty and said he had been slain by cowards for representing the secular, democratic values of the French republic. But most of the Muslim population growth in Europe during the period (about 60%) was due to migration: The Muslim population grew by an estimated 3.5 million from net migration (i.e., the number of Muslims who arrived minus the number who left, including both regular migrants and refugees). Another way to look at these shifts is by examining the extent of the projected change in the share of each country that is Muslim in different scenarios. Norimitsu Onishi is a foreign correspondent on the International Desk, covering France out of the Paris bureau. For example, if regular migration continues at recent levels, and some asylum seekers also continue to arrive and receive refugee status but not as many as during the historically exceptional surge of refugees from 2014 to 2016 then the share of Muslims in Europes population as of 2050 would be expected to be somewhere between 11.2% and 14%. There is also a growing convert population of about 100,000 people, predominantly young women, and which includes several French athletes and . By comparison, the prisons employ 460 Catholic clerics. However, the same survey found that 44 percent of French Muslims believe the rest of society has little regard for them. Islam portal v t e World Muslim population by percentage (2014 estimate) [1] Adherents of Islam constitute the world's second largest religious group. It uses the best available data combined with estimation and projection methods developed in prior Pew Research Center demographic studies. And countries with Muslim populations that are especially young, or have a relatively large number of children, would see the most significant change in the zero migration scenario; these include France, Italy and Belgium. The French far right, known for its anti-immigrant stance, is saying that its warnings about Islamist extremism have been proven right. Authorities would rightly fear the increasing hostility of a new generation excluded from public institutions; many also feel a duty to extend to them the promise of republican citizenship. Social media users in many Muslim countries join calls to boycott French goods. Jrmy Mandin, a French researcher involved in the study at the University of Lige in Belgium, said that many young French Muslims had been disillusioned that they had played by the rules, done everything that was asked of them, and ultimately been unable to lead a desirable life.. It was outside France that, for the first time, the simple fact that they are French was not questioned, some said. It's worth remembering, however, that two of most famous victims of extremist terrorism in recent years were themselves French Muslims:Imad Ibn-Ziaten, a soldier shot dead inToulouse in 2012, and police officerAhmed Merabet. A steady annual flow of thousands has persisted under family reunification provisions. But due to the combination of still-unresolved applications and lack of comprehensive data on recent decisions when this analysis took place, rejection patterns for the 2014 to mid-2016 period are estimated based on 2010 to 2013 rates of rejection for each origin and destination country pair (for details, see Methodology). The starting point for all these scenarios is Europes population as of mid-2016. For example, Greeces Muslim population is expected to rise by just 2.4 percentage points in the medium scenario. This is 86.7% of the Indonesian population and nearly 13% of the world's total population of Muslims. That . France has an estimated five million Muslims - Europe's largest Muslim minority. The country with the largest number of Muslims overall is Indonesia, which is home to an estimated 231 million Muslims. The protesters also condemned the attack in Nice, France. While Islam is a favourite topic of politicians and the media, Muslims seldom get to have their say, Boubakeur argued. Countries that have received relatively large numbers of Muslim refugees in recent years are projected to experience the biggest changes in the high migration scenario the only one that projects these heavy refugee flows to continue into the future. Considering the total influx of refugees and regular migrants together, more migrants to Europe between mid-2010 and mid-2016 came from Syria than any other country. Given the variety of different backgrounds French Muslims come from, attempting to singularly define their positions may ultimately adifficult, even impossible task. "It's comprehensive. Issued on: 30/10/2020 - 22:14Modified: 30/10/2020 - 22:17. The figure rose to 61 percent among Muslims living in households earning less than the minimum wage. ISISthe Islamic State of Iraq and Syriaseeks to recreate the medieval Islamic caliphate. Its really the 2015 attacks that made me leave because I understood they were not going to forgive us, said Sabri Louatah, at his home in Philadelphia last month. One such method is to use the French statistical agency's (INSEE) annual database of first names given to newborns. (See Methodology for details.). She is looking for work abroad. This statistic shows the estimate of the French on the proportion of Muslims living in France in 2018. Hakim El-Karoui is a specialist in French Islamist movements at the Institut Montaigne who regularly contributes to government thinking. There have been Muslims in France since the beginning of the 20th century, but it was only in 1967 that their number topped one million. For more information on the countries of origin of those in legal limbo see Pew Research Centers 2017 report, Still in Limbo: About a Million Asylum Seekers Await Word on Whether They Can Call Europe Home.. Italian respondents may have been considering this flow of potential refugees when answering this survey question. Since the latest attacks, people who use the term have been described, at best, as appeasers of radical Islam, and, at worst, as its accomplices. Read about our approach to external linking. Amid the furore triggered by last months National Assembly walkout, few bothered to find out what the veiled student representative had to say. This is because Muslims in Europe are considerably younger and have a higher fertility rate than other Europeans. Concrete data is hard to find, as the French Republic considers ethnic and religious affiliation a private matter. [Graph], Ipsos, December 5, 2018. Separately, researchers at three other universities the University of Lige and K.U. When available, this type of data is used to estimate the religious composition of new migrants. President Chirac did not let a month pass after Septembers attacks before convening leaders from the French Muslim world at the Elyse, and the new mayor of Paris organized a gala soire du Ramadan at the Htel de Ville this year. ), Not all children born to Muslim women will ultimately identify as Muslims, but children are generally more likely to adopt their parents religious identity than any other.5. Theyre experts in TV newsrooms, experts in the leafy districts of Paris, who merely lecture and agitate.. Muslims in France - the former colonies of which include predominantly Muslim countries in North and West Africa as well as the Middle East - are about 6% of the population. "I think the imams are a bit too nice to them. These are not efforts to predict what will happen in the future, but rather a set of projections about what could happen under different circumstances. This scenario only models regular migration. Islamists want to live in separate communities, without respecting French laws and values, and this is neither in France's interest nor in that of French Muslims, Adnani said. These people end up contributing to the economy of Canada or Britain, said Olivier Esteves, a professor at the University of Lilles center on political science, public law and sociology, which surveyed 900 French Muslim migrs and conducted in-depth interviews with 130 of them. As much as half of the Muslim population is believed to be under 24 years of age. At corporate dinners, there might be a vegetarian buffet or a halal buffet, but everybody mingles, he said. They include the research project into the emigration of French Muslims led by academics affiliated with the University of Lille, a leading French university, and the National Center for Scientific Research, the French governments main research institution. Even with no future migration, Europes Muslim population is projected to increase by 10 million by 2050 based on fertility and age patterns (see here). Mr Macron has proposed more Arabic-language teaching in state schools and more investment in run-down areas, and has emphasised that he is targeting Islamists who reject France's laws and values, not Muslims as a whole. Afghanistan, meanwhile, is both a major source of legally accepted refugees and also a major country of origin of those in legal limbo. They may be generations removed from the countries their . The religious differences were settled in 1905, when the church and the state were legally separated. 146 Forty-two percent of the nearly 6 million French Muslims report feeling discriminated against Muslims are less than half as likely to receive a callback for a job than Christians with the same credentials. And if high refugee flows were to continue in future decades, Europe would be 14% Muslim in 2050 a considerable increase, although still a relative minority in a Christian-majority region. But, he said, "we are at a historic turning point for Islam in France [and] we Muslims are facing our responsibilities". Finding the suspicion surrounding French Muslims oppressive after the 2015 attacks, Mr. Mekrous settled with his wife and three children in Leicester, England. Charlie Hebdo released a cartoon of Erdogan, which was slammed by Turkish authorities as a disgusting effort to spread its cultural racism and hatred. Muslims are not a monolithic group, she stressed, and there is no fit-all norm for Muslim women. Turkeys Erdogan said that Macron needed mental health treatment over his attitude towards Muslims, prompting France to recall its ambassador. Several other countries, however, were the origin of more overall migrants to Europe. This rejection rate is similar to Swedens; Sweden ultimately is expected to reject an estimated 90,000 out of roughly 240,000 Muslim applications (again, excluding withdrawals). He stressed that he was referring to radical Islamism and not Muslims in general, though he also argued that Islam was in crisis everywhere in the world an assertion that has upset some Muslims well beyond France. Some 93% of French Muslims cast their ballots for Franois Hollande in the second round of the 2012 presidential election, according to a poll by OpinionWay. (For more details, see the Methodology.). Either we change the constitution and give up the concept of freedom of religion [or] the government cannot impose certified imams on local Muslim communities.". One is discrimination because it . The Council (CFCM), which represents nine separate Muslim associations, has reportedly been asked to include in the text recognition of France's republican values, rejection of Islam as a political movement and a ban on foreign influence. France, meanwhile, is projected to reject three-quarters of applications from Muslims, leaving an in limbo population of 140,000 (out of 190,000 Muslim applications). Gun Owners, Protection Is the Main Reason They Own a Gun, Why Some Americans Do Not See Urgency on Climate Change. Artificial Intelligence & Emerging Technology. Based on recent rates of approval of asylum applications, Pew Research Center estimates that nearly a million (970,000) additional Muslim asylum seekers who came to Europe in recent years will not have their applications for asylum accepted, based on past rates of approval on a country-by-country basis. Im French, Im married to a Frenchwoman, I speak French, I live French, I love French food and culture. Hungary received 85,000 applications for asylum from Iraqi and Syrian refugees between mid-2010 and mid-2016 among the highest figures in Europe and most Hungarians (66%) see this surge of refugees as a major threat. Intra-EU migrants tend to have a similar religious composition to Europeans overall. Europes Muslim population is diverse. clockThis article was published more than8 years ago. In this scenario, roughly three-in-ten Swedes (30.6%) would be Muslim at midcentury. Updated: Fri 1 Dec 2017 11:08 CET There are currently an estimated 5.7 million Muslims in France but that number could grow dramatically by 2050, a new study has predicted. More about Norimitsu Onishi, A version of this article appears in print on, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/13/world/europe/france-election-muslims-islam-macron-zemmour-le-pen-pecresse.html. France 24 - International breaking news, top stories and headlines. The fallout is deepening amid renewed French support for the right to show caricatures of the Prophet Muhammad. The beheading of teacher Samuel Paty has shaken the French nation to the core. In Saudi Arabia on Thursday, state television reported that a Saudi man had been arrested in the city of Jeddah after attacking and injuring a guard at the French consulate. These growing numbers of Muslims in Europe, combined with the projected shrinkage of the non-Muslim population, are expected to result in a rising share of Muslims in Europes overall population in all scenarios. In his October 2 speech, Macron was careful to distinguish between that majority and the small number of radicalised Islamists who foster hatred of France and the Western way of life. Last month, several French lawmakers walked out of the National Assembly in protest at the presence of a student union representative who wore a Muslim veil, igniting a vitriolic debate. Yet for all the attention to them, discovering the exact number of Muslims in France is a surprisingly complicated task the French governmentdoesn't allowcensuses that ask people about their religious beliefs, meaning that estimates have to come from independent sources.
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