when was peterhof palace built

The fountains are beautiful, and represent a significant engineering feat: they operate entirely by the force of gravity, instead of pumps. The original plan was to turn it into a summer residence as he started the construction of the new capital of Russia, Saint Petersburg, in 1703. Peterhof reopens its parks on July 3d, 2020. . In the middle of the 18th century Emperor Peter III built a "fun" fortress, Peterstadt, and a small palace, also in Oranienbaum. Zelenova returned to the ruins of Pavlovsk just a week after it was liberated. The same year the German artist J. P. Hackert was signed up for the order to paint the series of paintings memorising this victory. 6 Paintings to See in St. Petersburg, Russia, 47 Questions from Britannicas Most Popular Geography Quizzes, 39 of the Most Challenging World Capitals Across History. The Grand Cascade is the area resembling a waterfall just in front of the Grand Palace. Today, it is the last watch factory in Russia producing its own movements from A to Z, though the production is much smaller than it used to be.[9][10]. [6], In the 1990s the number of students from other regions fell significantly, and the University sold many of its downtown dormitories. The throne chair is standing right beneath the portrait. Make sure to take a tour of the Grand Cascade to enjoy the mesmerizing fountains for which the palace is famous. Imagine a palace built on a natural terrace, which in height can be compared to a mountain in a country of boundless plains, a country so flat that when one ascends a hill sixty feet high the horizon expands almost to infinity. The stunning fountains at Peterhof Palace in St. Petersburg, Russia are celebrating their 300th Anniversary. The Baroque Grand Palace (171428) was designed by Domenico Trezzini and the palaces gardens by Alexandre Le Blond; Bartolomeo Rastrelli enlarged the structure in 1752. In the central park of Oranienbaum you'll find one of the oldest palaces in St. Petersburg - Menshikov Palace, that used to belong to Peter the Great's favorite assistant. 1. A series of palaces and gardens, laid out on the orders of Peter the Great and sometimes called the "Russian Versailles," is also situated there. The Best Castles to Visit in Russia (Listed by Popularity), Shell Keep Castles The Historic Update of Motte-&-Bailey Structures. Peterhof Palace was built in the early 1700s. Petergof (Russian: ), known as Petrodvorets () from 1944 to 1997, is a municipal town in Petrodvortsovy District of the federal city of St.Petersburg, located on the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland. The main sections of the Grand Palace and the additional palaces were completed during the initial phase of construction. To the east of the Grand Palace on the shore of the Gulf of Finland is situated a one-story Dutch house, the Monplaisir Palace. The journey from Peterhof to Oranienbaum will take you around 15-20 minutes by car or train. The faade is almost 330 yards wide. It was commissioned by Peter the Great and built by several architects over the years, including Trezzini, Le Blond, and Rastrelli. When was Peterhof Castle Built? This all changed when Peter the Great visited France in 1717 and visited the Palace of Versailles, the epitome of extravagance built by Louis XIV that was constructed to impress all visitors. In addition, the real masterpieces are the cascades - Lion and Chessboard Hill - as well as the fountains Samson and Triton. As a result, Pavlovsk became the first royal estate outside St. Petersburg to be fully restored, in 1977. Peterhof Palace is one of the most mesmerizing places in Russia. The Samson Fountain was built in the 1730s and depicts the moment when Samson tears open the jaws of a lion. From there, you take the train to New Peterhof station and catch the metro to Pravlenskaya Ulitsa. The Grand Palace & Peterhof ParkPeterhof Palace is a large, exquisite garden built for Peter I which an enormous palace with elaborate architecture was added. View on the Grand Cascade and the Grand Peterhof Palace. The plafond is glorifying Peter the Great, depicted as Mars the god of war. The palace was constructed with a deeper meaning behind it, 4. View on the Upper Garden that also has a fountain system. Nicholas II spent much time in Peterhof, and, The Great Palace, the former residence of Peter I, stands at the edge of the second terrace, its bright yellow walls contrasting with white stucco decorations and the gilt domes of its lateral wings. The Grand Menshikov palace was built for Peter's closest associate in nearby Oranienbaum and it's the oldest building. Peterhof Palace is a collection of palaces and gardens located near the second-biggest city in Russia, Saint Petersburg. Its gilded splendour includes 255 sculptures and 64 fountains with 138 water jets soaring skyward. Upon the bluff's face below the Palace is the Grand Cascade (Bolshoy Kaskad). There are two Chinese Cabinets in the palace. Most trains that pass Peterhof go to Oranienbaum. All rights reserved. The other method is via train. Braunstein, J.-B. The Grand Cascade is the most famous area in the grounds, running from the northern facade of the Grand Palace to the Marine Canal. There are real double windows on the southern wall, and false mirror windows on the northern wall. The so-called Lower Gardens (Nizhny Sad), at 1.02 square kilometers (0.39 sq mi) comprising the better part of the palace complex land area, are confined between this bluff and the shore, stretching east and west for roughly 200 meters . The architectural style became the standard in all of Saint Petersburg, 7. Only one Marine could be rescued. Who Build It? All Rights Reserved. Much of the palace was burned and exploded during the German occupation and had to be restored over decades. The description makes it clear that it was built by Peter the Great (1672-1725), one of the most important figures in Russian history. They disfigured art objects remaining in the palace and looted part of its unique collection. Though it was much simpler and sparsely decorated in the early years. Besides the downtown campus, certain Saint Petersburg State University's schools and departments are located in Petergof: The Petrodvorets Complex dates back to 1960s when it was decided[by whom?] Your email address will not be published. Its monuments, sculptures, and gardens, like those of all of St. Petersburg, are preserved by the state. It was commissioned by Peter the Great Peter Alexeyevich, also known as Peter the Great, was born in Russia on 9 June 1672. - Definition, Artists & Instruments, What Is Rumba? Currently, the castle is open as a museum for public access and guided tours. Palaces, fountains, and gardens. The garden designer was chosen for a particular reason, 8. [11], This article is about the municipal town under the jurisdiction of St.Petersburg, Russia. The central Great Palace (178286; Cameron) is crowned by a dome supported by 64 columns. The Lower Gardens were reopened to the public in 1945. The Great Palace, the former residence of Peter I, stands at the edge of the second terrace, its bright yellow walls contrasting with white stucco decorations and the gilt domes of its lateral wings. The palace-ensemble along with the city center is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The palace was the scene of a horrific massacre during World War II, 15. ", Official site of the Peterhof Watch Factory, Peterhof (Petrodvorets) a Gardens Guide review, Russian TV program about the 300 years of the Petrodvorets Factory (In Rus with Eng subtitles), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Petergof&oldid=1165892807, Faculty of Biology and Soil Studies' research center in Sergievka (. The beautiful English garden and Paul I's palace were badly damaged: when retreating the Germans set the palace on fire. They did capture the Peterhof palace though in 1941 and the Russians quickly replied by dropping over 500 marines on the beach to recapture the important palace. This is the historical event depicted - the coup detat which has brought Catherine to the throne of Russian empire in 1762. During the Great Northern War (1700-1721), Peter the Great defeated the Swedes and secured the region where the Neva River flowed into the Gulf of Finland. The notable structures in the Zunaira is an architect and designer on paper, but a writer at heart. It is the cheapest but will take you the longest. From there, you take the metro to the Central Pier, where a ferry leaves every 30 minutes. The Catherine Palace was badly damaged and became a target for shelling. In 1730s architect Mikhail Zemtsov added wings to the building. The last one to be built in the park and the last one to be . Peterhof Palace was built in the early 18th century, 3. 03 of 23 Main Staircase at Peterhof Peterhof Photo (c) Linda Garrison Walking up the staircase in Peterhof's Grand Palace brings thoughts to mind of the thousands of imperial guests and royals who also entered the same palace. Corrections? To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. In the months between the invasion and the military takeover, the palaces stakeholders attempted to save the valuable treasures and fountains of the palace. 23 chapters | The complex is quite large, with multiple monuments and gardens to tour, so at least 2-3 hours are required to explore the area fully. The journey will take 5 and a half hours and cost you between 43 and 60 ($42-$59 USD). It also was the private apartment for Catherine the Great while empress of Russia from 1762 until 1796. The current building of the Grand Palace created by Bartolomeo Rastrelli in 1747-1754 boasts its grandiose beauty and a brilliant solemnity inherent in baroque style. Other monuments in Saint Petersburg include the Monument to Peter the Great and the Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul. The ferry will take you to Peterhof in 40 minutes while you enjoy scenic views and enjoy traveling above the serene waters of the Baltic Sea. Click here to find out more. The hall is decorated with a series of war paintings devoted to the battle. Peterhof subsequently became the most lavish and popular of the Russian royal summer residences. The town is served by three railway stations (Novy Petergof, Stary Petergof, and Universitet). The Oak Office (or Oak Study) is also interior dating back to Peter the Great. Between 1745 and 1755, several wings were added to the palace, the construction of which was undertaken by renowned Italian architect Rastrelli under the reign of Peters daughter, Elizabeth of Russia. The largest palace at Peterhof, the Grand Palace is located above the Grand Terrace and Samson fountain. Create an account to start this course today. Last admission is at 5:45 pm. The Peterhof Palace was built as a royal palace in 1795 by Peter the Great. 1. The White Dining Room was decorated in 1774-1775 by Velten. The walls are painted in tempera technique in floral pattern. Here we find seasoned oak carved panels framing the walls. Peterhof subsequently became the most lavish and popular of the Russian royal summer residences. Peterhoff, Shimla, a house in India, built for the Viceroy of India This page was last edited on 6 March 2023, at 13:55 (UTC). Known as 'The Russian Versailles ', the palace's architectural style became known as Petrine Baroque. This task was implemented briliantly by F. B. Rastrelli, the court architect of Elisabeth I. Rastrelli added one more floor, widened the wings, reconstructed the interiors with baroque-style luxury. Pavlovsk, a southern suburb, is the site of a late 18th- and early 19th-century palace and park in the Classical style that was created as a country residence for Tsar Paul I. Then it was named the Upper House and looked rather modest. The project was developed by masters J.F. One of the most peculiar Peterhof Palace facts is that the Grand Palace isnt actually that big because even though wide, its quite narrow in shape as well! - Definition & Symbolism, Japanese Pagodas: Architecture, History & Facts, Chinese Pagodas: Architecture, History & Facts, Architecture & Design of Famous Churches & Cathedrals, Library Science 101: Information Literacy, UExcel Introduction to Philosophy: Study Guide & Test Prep, NES Music - WEST (504): Practice & Study Guide, Praxis Art: Content Knowledge (5134) Prep, New Orleans Jazz: History, Music & Musicians, Stephen Sondheim: Biography, Songs & Musicals, The Rolling Stones: Biography, Members & Songs, The Temptations: Biography, Albums & Songs, What Is Reggae? However, the idea was said to be widely opposed by the faculty, who did not want to commute two hours a day,[citation needed] and as few as four faculties relocated to Petergof. Le Blond, N. Michetti. This is the memorial chamber, dedicated to the Chesme battle. Some of the halls of the Catherine Palace were first reopened to visitors in 1959, but the restoration of Tsarskoe Selo continues to this day. Next to Monplaisir is located a later building, the one-story Catherine Block, built for the future Catherine the Great, who at that time was only the wife of the crown prince, the future Peter III. Aside from being a direct response to the Palace of Versailles, the palace was constructed as a symbol of the Soviet claim to the Baltic Sea and Russian modernization. It was built in 1755 to accommodate distinguished guests. For two months, the Soviet army tried to recapture it, but in vain. [8], Russia's oldest factory was founded by Peter the Great in 1721 first as a lapidary plant to help in the construction of the Peterhof Palaces but also other Palaces in St.Petersburg. Peterhof subsequently became the most lavish and popular of the Russian royal summer residences. Many of the structures and sculptures of the castle were hastily restored for the anniversary. . Extreme heat is changing how people travel in Europe, Italys Path of Love to reopen after more than a decade. From it, the alley of fountains runs straight into the sea. The town is famous for its a series of palaces and gardens known as the Peterhof Palace, laid out on the orders of Peter the Great, and sometimes called the "Russian Versailles", but also for the "Petrodvorets Watch Factory - Raketa", a 300-year-old Russian watch manufacture. Behind the palace is the Upper Garden. However, in 1948, the composition was found and returned to its historic location. [] Ten people are involved in the daily launching and shutting of the fountains," explains engineer Alexander Korsakov. On 10 March 2022, the Polish town of Sopot terminated its partnership with Peterhof as a response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Much damage was also done to the beautiful park and fountains - sculptures that werent evacuated or hidden were destroyed by bombs and shelling. Pavlovsk was built in the late 18th century as a summer residence for Emperor Paul I. It has only about 30 rooms, not 100s or even 1,000! The town where it is situated is also named Peterhof and is 18 miles distance from St Petersburg. Thats why they changed it to Petrodvorets (Peters Palace) in 1944, something that was only reversed back in 1997 when the original name Peterhof Palace was restored. Braunstein, J.-B. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Thank you! East of the Lower Gardens lies the Alexandria Park with 19th-century Gothic Revival structures such as the Gothic Chapel. The palace used to be the official summer residence of the Imperial court. According to the Emperor's concept, the palace in Peterhof, and most importantly the adjacent park with its fountains, would eclipse the beauty and luxury of Versailles, the residence of the French kings. The estimated fuel expenses for the journey are between 59 and 85 ($58-$83). Then during World War II, German forces destroyed parts of the complex, but afterwards the structures were rebuilt. Well over 5 million people visit the palace every year, and Im sure that after reading this post, you know exactly why! The Grand Palace is much smaller than it actually looks, 13. The hall was intended for the official ceremonies, sometimes there were banquets and balls here. The palace first housed a military school and then a research institute. To the west, in the 1720s the Marly Palace was built for guests; (referring to the Marly-le-Roi residence of Frances King Louis XIV). For students in Russia between the age of 14 and 18, the ticket costs 7.4 ($7.3 USD). This room is the last big gala room in the palace the others were built supposedly for the private life of the sovereigns. Elizabeth commissioned Bartolomeo Rastrelli, who had already completed the Summer Palace in St. Petersburg, to build a genuinely regal palace. The invaders burned a huge number of trees, and while retreating they mined the park. This dazzling display of water fountains has been in action for 300 years and still delights visitors today. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. You will board the train from Moscow and get off at Saint Petersburg Glavny after a four-hour ride. For up to date ticket prices and visiting hours visit the official website: https://en.peterhofmuseum.ru/. The palaces of Peterhof are accessible by sea via hydrofoils based near the Winter Palace in St.Petersburg. To the south of it are the comparatively small Upper Gardens (Verkhny Sad). She had to return to Leningrad, which is about 30 km away, on foot. Peterhof Palace was built by Peter the Great during the 18th Century and is often described as the Russian Versailles. A lot of the palaces architecture and design was based on Peters own drawings and concepts. Admission: RUB 600.00. The town of Pushkin (called Tsarskoye Selo before 1917, Detskoye Selo in 191837) arose in the early 18th century as one of the tsarist residences. So, the Russian hydraulic engineer Vasily Tuvolkov invented how to ensure an uninterrupted supply of water. The palace used to be the official summer residence of the Imperial court. The focal point of the whole essemble is the jaw-dropping cascade fountain leading down from the palace. One of the most interesting Peterhof Palace facts is that the bond between the architect and the Russian Tsar was pretty close because Peter the Great actually became the Godfather of Trezzinis son named Pietro! Built between 1709 and 1724 under the directions of Peter the Great, the Grand Palace was used by the tsar and tsarinas as their main summer palace. The Grand Cascade, an elaborate collection of waterfalls, fountains and gilt statues, was founded around this time. In 1703, on this newly-conquered land, he founded St. Petersburg, which became the capital of his empire. Omissions? The main section of the palace was built on a cliff, 11. Museum employee Vera Lemus recalled how staff were still hiding valuable exhibits as they heard the shots of the approaching German troops. The hall is decorated with the portraits of the other rulers from the Romanov House and their family members. August 21, 2014 Palace of Versailles Ceiling of the Hercules Drawing Room. contact your manager Peterhof Palace Peterhof Palace is the main landmark of the palace and garden complex on the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland. The original name of the palace was only restored in 1997, 16. The palace complex is surrounded by upper and lower gardens that are designed in the tradition of great European courtyards. Peterhof The royal residence in Peterhof is perhaps the most splendid of the famous palaces built in the environs of St. Petersburg. The restoration work, however, progresses very slowly and is still ongoing: even in the main palace not all the interiors have yet been restored. The site sits just off of the Bay of Finland, with the impressive Sea Channel leading from the bay to the palace grounds. In 1941, during the second world war, Peterhof came under occupation by German troops. The northern faade of the palace in 1944 and now. Petrodvorets Complex including four faculties: Applied Mathematics and Control Processes, Computational Mathematics and Control Processes. Peterhof Palace is an expansive compound of glorious architecture from the height of the Russian Empire. Its a mighty edifice that lets you delve into the magical world of the Russian Tsardom. Later, in 1980, a memorial was constructed in the Lower Gardens to commemorate the attempt. The Court Church (now the Royal Church Museum). These are decorated with gilt statues and spray water in impressive patterns. Its construction began under Catherine I, the wife of Peter the Great, but only during the reign of the emperors daughter, Elizabeth, was the palace developed to its definitive baroque look. 07 May 2021 @LuceJuiceLuce Image Credit: Shutterstock About Peterhof Palace Peterhof Palace is a series of palaces and gardens in Peterhof, Saint Petersburg, Russia. The community also is the site of the Chinese Village (178296) in Alexander Park and the gallery (178090) named for its architect, Charles Cameron, the terraces of which contain more than 50 busts of figures from ancient Greek and Roman history. After Catherine became Empress (having dethroned her husband), she moved to another, no less luxurious country residence, Tsarskoye Selo. The palace is rich in decorative elements - sculptures, bas-reliefs and all sorts of twists and turns. In 1703, on this newly-conquered. This page was last edited on 18 July 2023, at 02:56. A memorial commemorating the soldiers that lost their lives on these horrible days can be found in the lower garden of the palace. The journey will take you 11 hours and will cost you between 27 and 48 ($27-$47 USD). It was built between 1714 and 1721. He started working on this country estate which is located just west of the city center of Saint Petersburg in 1709. Located on the Gulf of Finland, about 20 miles from St. Petersburg city center, Peterhof is one of the must visit attractions in St. Petersburg after The Hermitage (part of the Winter Palace). The Grand Palace is extraordinary popular with the visitors. Thats why the man built an equally impressive palace near a city that now bears his name. There are also trick-fountains in Peterhof, such as "the Benches", in which Peter the Great himself had a hand in designing. After the 1917 revolution, the Bolsheviks preserved the royal residence and established a museum in Peterhof. In this lesson, you will learn about the features of this marvelous example of eighteenth-century Russian architecture. In 1846 eight rooms of the eastern wing facing the Upper Garden were reconstructed by the architect A. Stackenschneider for the wedding of Grand Duchess Olga, the daughter of Nicholas I. Shes got a Bachelors in Architecture and a passion for traveling, both of which combine in her writings about timeworn castles and fortresses that have withstood the tests of time and stand proud to this day. It was decided that the gallery would not be fully restored, and instead it would contain a memorial hall capturing what it looked like after the Germans had left. The palace was built in Dutch style and resembles a house in Saardam (Zaardam or Zaandam), where Peter the Great lived in 1697. Many of them were killed by the dogs, while others were imprisoned. It features numerous rooms intended for individual use as well as entertaining guests. Contact us: info[at]revisitinghistory[dot]com. Taking the train and riding the hydrofoil is the most recommended way. Peterhof Palace Ballroom ceiling. A lot of the restoration work was carried out by Elena Kalnitskaya, an art historian who has been serving as the Director General of the museum since 2009. In 2003, the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg was celebrated. The palace was temporarily named Petrodvorets after the German invasion left Russians with a strong anti-german sentiment. This network of pipes feeds the attraction with up to 1 cubic foot of water per minute and has created a stunning display since the 18th century. Many of its fountains were destroyed, the Grand Palace was partially blown up, and its interiors almost completely burnt out in the subsequent fire. This style was used extensively in the newly founded Russian Capital and one of his most renowned works is a famous church called the Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral in Saint Petersburg. The palace was seriously expanded by Elizabeth of Russia, 10. It is decorated with the canvases by P. Rotari. Domenico Trezzin, a Swiss architect was the architect between 1714 and 1728. Built in the . Built in the Baroque style (171428), it was reconstructed and expanded by, on a reconstruction of the palace of Peterhof. Started on the order of Tsar Peter the Great in 1714, the complex eventually contained several buildings, including both the Grand Palace and Peter's personal residence, Monplaisir. The Samson fountain has a double meaning, 14. On the opposite eastern wall there is the large equestrian portrait of Catherine the Great by V. Eriksen. It took many years for them to be painstakingly restored, and now we can admire their beauty once more. The Oak Office contains the standards borne by the Russian army and Swedish arm, they are dating back to the Russian-Swedish war of 1700-1721. Some of the fountain sculptures were hidden or removed in advance, but many of those that remained were destroyed or lost without a trace. The carvings depict naval and military symbols, musical instruments, bas-relief portraits of Peter the Great and his wife Catherine. The building was enlarged and renovated over the centuries, but the basic structure was designed and completed in 1725 by the architects J.F. Create your account. Peter the Great also didnt have the luck as Louis XIV, the longest-reigning monarch in European history, because he died in 1725. The palace had always looked rather grim and after having been in German hands, it left a truly terrifying impression. - Definition, Origin & History, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. Given the small size of the rooms and the seasonal pattern of Peterhof museum, the best time to see this particular palace is from November till April. English: Farm Palace in Alexandria Park, Peterhof, was a built in 1828-30 by architect A.Menelaws, reconstructed in 1838-59 by architect Stakenshneider. Get the week's best stories straight to your inbox. After World War II, however, very little was left of Peterhof. We open everything manually. FOR HISTORY | BEAUTIFUL IMAGES | INTERESTING FACTS | TRAVEL TIPS. The palace construction began in the early 1700s after Peter I of Russia started the development of St. Petersburg as his new capital. The greatest damage was done to the Grand Palace it was hit by numerous bombs and basically reduced to rubble. Thats exactly what happened and Peter the Great began a quest to build an equally impressive palace which is now referred to as the Russian Versailles!. in 1985 the factory had 7500 employees and was producing 5 million mechanical watches per year. Peterhof Palace was built in the early 18th century Peterhof Palace is a collection of palaces and gardens located near the second-biggest city in Russia, Saint Petersburg. In addition to these buildings, today the Peterhof museum-reserve also includes nearby palaces and park ensembles (Alexandria, Oranienbaum, Strelna and others), which in the years after Peter the Great the imperial family built for themselves. Peterhof Palace, although not as famous as St. Petersburgs Hermitage, welcomes the most visitors of all Russias museums each year. French garden designer Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond designed the gardens of Peterhof Palace in 1714 but unfortunately for him, died just 5 years later in Saint Petersburg. During the Nazi occupation the palace was blown up and burned down. The Audience chamber keeps the original Rasstrelli dcor. During the 19th century the emperors also slightly altered the palace exterior, adding superstructures and new rooms. The neo-Gothic 'Cottage' palace was built for the wife of Nicholas I, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, and in her honor all of Peterhof with the adjacent park was named Alexandria. The main staircase is lavishly decorated with carved sculptures made of linden, symbolizing seasons of the year. Peter the Great started construction of his new capital after he had made some important victories over Sweden which allowed Russia access to the Baltic Sea through the Neva River. You can rent a car for costs as low as 90 ($88 USD) per day, with options for free cancellation and payment upon pick up. The total area occupied by Peterhofs palaces, parks and gardens is 414 hectares. Admission tickets cost 9.87 ($9.73 USD) for citizens above the age of 18. Today, its a fun attraction for children, but at the beginning of the 18th century Peter greatly enjoyed it when the fountain suddenly doused water on unsuspecting noble lords and ladies. This magnificent vista becomes all the more remarkable when it is remembered that much of it is a post-World War II restoration. A collage shows the Grand Peterhof Palace after the Nazi occupation and after the restoration. The Grand Cascade fountain in 1946 and now. Its fair to say the Trezzini left his permanent mark on Saint Petersburg! Click here to find out more. Therefore, the construction of the palace was both a way to commemorate the expansion of the Russian Empire, as well as a way to emphasize the different directions Russia was going in to become a country that was modern, scientific, Westernized, and based on the Enlightenment. This area contains multiple amazing fountains, including the famous Samson Fountain. Peter the Great began building it in 1715 and wanted it to surpass Versailles in beauty and luxury. The most famous of the communities around St. Petersburg is Peterhof, whose unique garden-park setting, stretching in terraces rising above the Gulf of Finland, contains representative works from two centuries of Russian architectural and park styles.

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